It is not unusual for the children of divorced and divorcing parents to have a “primary parent,” sometimes known as the primary caregiver and sometimes known as the psychological parent. This is the ...

Parental alienation is when one parent manipulates a child in order to poison their relationship with the other parent. The resulting alienation between the child and the “target parent," however, ...

Alienation in educational contexts refers to students’ growing estrangement from the core elements of schooling, encompassing detachment from learning activities, diminished rapport with teachers, and ...